Griseofulvin dosage regimen. These studies have been the mainstay for pharmacokinetics of zolpidem.
The pharmacokinetics of zolpidem were evaluated in 10 healthy volunteers (10 males; mean age = 25.8±1.3 years) who received a single dose of 25, 50, or 100 mg of zolpidem and in 8 healthy volunteers (8 males; mean age = 25.9±1.3 years) who received a single dose of 40 mg zolpidem. The doses of zolpidem administered in the present study are similar to those recommended by the manufacturer. After intravenous dosing with the doses described above (25, 50, and 100 mg), peak plasma levels of zolpidem Clonazepam 2mg 180 $540.00 $3.00 $486.00 ranged from 2.7 to 2.9-fold higher than the lowest dose, resulting clonazepam dispersible tablets 2mg in a mean time to maximal plasma concentration of 1 hour (range: 1-2.6 hours). Peak blood levels for the 100-mg dose were similar to the 25- and 40-mg doses. mean concentration of the 100-mg dose was 1.6 times higher than the 50- and 25-mg doses. These results indicate that zolpidem is poorly absorbed when administered either by intramuscular or intravenous routes. The concentration-time profile for plasma concentrations of zolpidem that followed intravenous administration is in the range of that for orally administered zolpidem.
Although the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem were similar to those of other benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Versed, St. Louis, and Kolar, 1994), zolpidem was not as well absorbed diazepam or flunitrazepam, two compounds that have been investigated in this regard. However, it is important to note that, although it is difficult to obtain accurate information on the bioavailability of zolpidem because small number studies, most data suggest that these compounds are well absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract (Bhattacharya et al., 1997; Gao 1995; Kim et al., 1989). This is the case for diazepam, flunitrazepam, and zolpidem analogues. Also, plasma levels of zolpidem in are comparable with those of other benzodiazepines (Bhattacharya et al., 1997).
The pharmacologic effects of zolpidem were evaluated in rats with both oral and intravenous administration using single-dose at doses between 1 and 40 mg/kg, or the multiple-dose administration at doses from 25 to 100 mg/kg (Kim et al., 1989). In the rat, zolpidem is metabolized into the active drug at a rate that has been estimated to be similar diazepam and flunitrazepam. The single-dose, oral dose of 50 mg zolpidem was shown to be as effective 25 mg diazepam in reducing pentobarbital-induced behavior, anxiety, and hyperactivity (Kim et al., 1989). In the rat, zolpidem was also effective in reducing stereotypy induced by the injection of 0.5 mg/kg pentobarbital (Kim et al., 1989). The single-dose, intravenous dose of 50 mg zolpidem was shown to be as effective 40 mg diazepam in reducing pentobarbital-induced behavioral changes (Kim et al., 1989). Zolpidem was also effective in reducing pentobarbital-induced stereotypy (Kim et al., 1989). Moreover, zolpidem was also effective in reducing pentobarbital-induced hyperactivity induced by the injection of 1 mg/kg pentobarbital (Kim et al., 1989). The 40-mg and 100-mg IV zolpidem concentrations obtained in the rat were as effective zolpidem at 40 mg in reducing pentobarbital-induced behavior and hyperactivity. In conclusion, the Buy valium us single-dose, oral dose of zolpidem is as effective 50 mg diazepam in reducing pentobarbital-induced behavior and hyperactivity.
In humans, zolpidem was studied with both single-dose administration of 1 mg/kg zolpidem or a 2-hour administration of zolpidem at doses up to 40 mg (Kim et al., 1989). There was no significant effect of single-dose, oral administration zolpidem on pentobarbital-induced behavior or hyperactivity (Kim et al., 1989). The 40-mg zolpidem concentration obtained in the human administered a dose that was approximately 1- to 2-fold higher than that of the human administered a dose of zolpidem. It was concluded that the pharmacologic effects of z.
